The Importance Of A Special Education Classroom - 985 Words

My first day observing in a Special Education classroom I was introduced to a senior who recently suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury. When I was talking with her she seems as â€Å"normal† as you or I must have back in our high school days. While we chatted away I asked her what exactly happened and she told me, she was swinging and cracked her head wide open and one thing lead to another all of a sudden she found herself diagnosed with a severe brain injury. Like I said talking to her and watching her do some work she seemed completely normal but she was lacking the knowledge on why she was doing things, yet she knew they still needed to get done. Like washing the fruit and vegetable in the kitchen, she could not remember why it was important yet she knew that it was. A traumatic brain injury is a very complex injury that can cause a very wide range of disabilities. The impact a â€Å"TBI† can cause can be debilitating to an individual and their families. A TBI is a traumatically induced structural injury or physiological disruption of brain function as a result of an external force that is indicated by new onset or worsening of at least one of the following clinical signs: any period of loss, or a decreased level of consciousness, any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the injury, any alteration in mental state at the time of the injury to include confusion, disorientation, labored thinking, etcetera, neurological deficits such as weakness, loss of balance,Show MoreRelatedMainstreaming Vs. Inclusion: The Best Possible Outcome.1343 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects of the education system that are constantly under question and review there is a relatively new idea that is changing the classroom dynamic all together. The quest ion is if mainstreaming students with disabilities or having special classrooms to meet their needs enhances their learning experience. 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The number of students with special needs thatRead MoreInclusion Of Special Needs For Students With Disabilities1173 Words   |  5 Pagesstructuring the education system to include students with disabilities, there has being an ongoing research topic of inclusion. Inclusion, in this area, means the full inclusion of students with special needs in the general education classroom. The research and the debates about the issue of whether or not there should be full inclusion of Special Education students in all general education classrooms in all public schools throughout the United States rages on. The number of students with special needs thatRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of Our Lives1420 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is an integral part of our lives. We all seek education in one form or another, and at different levels. The importance of education cannot be stressed enough. Education is knowledge gained and knowledge is power. 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Working At Community Pharmacies Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(231) " treatments and utilizing the mentions of Drug Act of Pakistan 1976 and relevant regulations under, Good Pharmacy Practice guidelines, International Pharmaceutical Federation \( FIP \) guidelines and review book of pharmaceuticss\." Pharmacies are managed by a assortment of dispensers in footings of making, cognition and experience. The survey aimed to measure cognition, experience and making of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in Pakistan. Methods A comparative cross sectional survey was conducted at a indiscriminately selected sample of 371 pharmaceuticss in the three metropoliss of Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Working At Community Pharmacies Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A questionnaire for informations aggregation was developed and finalized by focussed group treatments and pilot testing. The information was coded, entered and analyzed by utilizing SPSS Version 16. Consequences Fifty per centum of the respondents had right cognition of room temperature. Merely 11.11 % and 5.9 % of the respondents knew about OTC and POM. While 87.6 % , 88.1 % , 58.7 and 95.7 % did non cognize the significance of h.s, q.d, SOS and p.r.n. The respondents did non cognize right the position of deltacortil, septran and fansidar in 26.7 % , 64.2 % , and 44.5 % of the instances severally. While 50.4 % , 77.4 % and 63.6 % were incognizant about the position of Augmentin, metronidazole and Lomotil. Decisions The overall cognition and preparation of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in Pakistan is unequal. Presence of qualified individual equipped with sufficient cognition and preparation is required. Key words Community pharmaceutics, cognition, experience, making, dispensers, Pakistan Important Definitions Pharmacy: A pharmaceutics is any mercantile establishments selling allopathic medical specialties entirely, or homeopathic or herbal medical specialties if sold aboard allopathic medical specialties. Dispensers: A dispenser is any individual who prepares or gives out medical specialty, irrespective of preparation. Qualified individual: Persons finishing B.Pharm/Pharm.D, sheepskin in pharmaceutics and certified class of drug dispensing or compounders was considered as qualified individuals. Background Knowledge and preparation of wellness professionals is critical for supplying appropriate wellness attention. Proper making and preparation of dispensers can help in accomplishing safe usage of medicines for the patients go toing community pharmaceuticss. Identifying the spread in pattern and preparation dispensers at community pharmaceuticss can supply improved, simple, healing attention services to profit the community [ 1 ] . It is indispensable that the forces managing medical specialties must be equipped with proper making, experience and cognition. They must be cognizant of the factors which influence drug quality and stairss to guarantee that the drugs dispensed to patients are safe and effectual [ 2 ] . Community pharmaceuticss in developing states frequently lack qualified and trained forces to hive away, label and manage drugs in appropriate manner [ 3 ] . It has been reported that in most of the instances dispensers lack formal instruction and preparation and those who are trained are largely non available at these pharmaceuticss [ 4-7 ] . While selling medical specialties it is of import to understand that which medical specialty can be sold with or without prescription. However surveies have reported sale of all types of medical specialties to all patients irrespective of any moral and legal considerations [ 5, 8 ] . The community pharmaceuticss in Pakistan are known to be managed by a diverseness of dispensers in footings of their making, cognition, experience and ages. Inadequate cognition of the dispensers at community pharmaceuticss in Pakistan has been reported [ 9, 10 ] . The making of dispensers vary from qualified druggist, pharmaceutics helpers, pharmaceutics technicians, sheepskin holders in pharmaceutics, to medical physicians, nurses and to the individuals holding no dispensing related instruction and bulk constitute this group [ 1, 3, 9-11 ] . These dispensers have minimum formal instruction with 10 to 12 old ages of schooling and with small or no professional preparation [ 3, 9-11 ] . Even this nominal instruction of primary or secondary degree is seen as a commercial necessity and non as a legal demand to be followed. They largely rely on information gathered by the representatives of pharmaceutical companies therefore selling medical specialties under the influence of publicity of drugs by the pharmaceutical companies [ 10 ] . With this province of making and preparation, here these dispensers are responsible for maps of a dispenser, shop keeper, stock list director, comptroller, prescriber, information supplier and patient counsellor [ 12 ] . Sing the range of their services it seems that they are really specialised professionals holding ample cognition. In existent universe, nevertheless, there is no existent established standard for minimal cognition of dispensers and really small is known about their background experience, perceptual experiences, instruction, preparation and cognition on how they handle the proficient undertakings of drugs storage, quality care, and pull offing assortment of patients with or without prescriptions [ 10, 12-14 ] . This insufficiency of scientific cognition among dispensers contributes to the prevailing low quality services at community pharmaceuticss. This will stay as the chief hurdle at community pharmaceuticss unless the spreads in the cognition of dispensers are identified and corrected. The importance of making, experience, preparation and cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss is non much emphasized in the state. The present survey was conducted to document and compare the province of cognition, experience and making of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in three major countries of Pakistan viz. Islamabad ( national capital ) , Peshawar ( capital of Khyberpakhtoonkhwa state ) and Lahore ( capital of Punjab state ) . Methodology Keeping in position the federal administrative and regulative construction of the state the capital metropolis Islamabad was selected which is besides geographically in the center of the two states. Peshawar is located towards the North of Islamabad ( 184 Km off with 2 hours drive from federal capital ) while Lahore is located in the South ( 384 km off with 4.5 hours drive from federal capital ) . The survey was conducted at 371 indiscriminately selected pharmaceuticss in three metropoliss viz. Islamabad ( 118 ) , Peshawar ( 120 ) and Lahore ( 133 ) . The survey population included all community pharmacy mercantile establishments in Islamabad, Lahore and Peshawar metropoliss selling allopathic medical specialties. Pharmacies located in infirmary and private dispensaries were excluded and any mercantile establishment meeting this definition comprised the trying unit, dispenser being the sampling component. List of medical shops were obtained from several District Health Offices. The m ost experient dispenser was selected from the pharmaceutics for interview. The Data aggregation tool was developed by focussed group treatments and utilizing the mentions of Drug Act of Pakistan 1976 and relevant regulations under, Good Pharmacy Practice guidelines, International Pharmaceutical Federation ( FIP ) guidelines and review book of pharmaceuticss. You read "Working At Community Pharmacies Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Focus group treatments were carried out with community druggist, drug inspectors, academe and members of consumer groups for development and finalisation of informations aggregation tool. Face and content cogency was built through panel of pharmaceutics research experts, community druggists, statistician and pilot testing. Structured questionnaire was used to acquire information on the cognition of the dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss. The value of cronbachaa‚Â ¬a„?s alpha was 0.726 which was applied to measure the dependability and internal consistence of the tool. The questionnaire comprised of a sum of 30 three inquiries which included information on demographics, personal information, position in pharmaceutics, degree of instruction, experience, preparation, beginnings of information, storage temperature, prescription nomenclatures, position of drugs, positions and jobs about profession and suggestions for betterment. The minimal demand for cognition of dispensers was elaborated and transformed into mensurable indexs, which included three subscales: subscale I Knowledge about storage temperature ( 3-6 ) , subscale II Knowledge about prescription nomenclatures ( 7-14 ) and subscale III Knowledge about position of drugs ( 12-24 ) . The composite mark for all sub graduated t ables was 22-44 and lower mark referred to better conformity. Data was collected by trained informations aggregators after seeking permission from relevant drug inspectors. Local chapters of chemist and pharmacist association were contacted and informed sing the survey. The survey was besides approved by the panel of experts at Research A ; Development wing of Drug Control Organization at Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan. Informed and verbal consent for engagement was taken from the respondents. Respondents were ensured for the confidentiality of information verbally every bit good as confidentiality under taking signed by the chief research worker was shown. After the information aggregation, information was cleaned, coded and entered in SPSS 16 version. Statistical analysis was undertaken to compare the cognition of dispensers sing storage temperature, prescription nomenclatures and position of drugs among independent variables like urban/rural, location of pharmaceuticss, metropoliss, position of dispenser in pharmaceutics, experience, degree of instruction and preparation. Consequences A sum of 371 dispensers were interviewed of which 31.8 % were working in Islamabad, 32.3 % in Peshawar and 35.8 % were in Lahore. All of the dispensers were male with average age 35 old ages, changing from 17 to 75 old ages. The position of dispenser in pharmaceutics was diverse 55 % proprietors, 35.3 % employees, 2.7 % partner, and 1.6 % were licensee. The professional making of dispensers varied ; 4 % were pharmacist, 7 % were pharmaceutics helper, 6 % were dispenser sheepskin holders and 80.3 % were non-qualified. The experience was ; 4 % less than a twelvemonth, 9.7 % between 1-2 old ages, 12.9 % between 2-5 old ages and staying 73.3 % had an experience greater than 5 old ages. Merely 14 % of the dispensers had formal preparation in drug dispensing. Fifty per centum of the respondents had right cognition of room temperature. Refrigerators were available with 76.5 % of the pharmaceuticss while 50.7 % of them were besides selling vaccinums. However 66 % did non cognize which medical specialties to be kept in the icebox and cognition of icebox and vaccinum storage temperature. Merely 11.11 % and 5.9 % of the respondents knew about the significance of OTC and POM severally. However 87.6 % , 88.1 % , 58.7 and 95.7 % did non cognize the significance of h.s, q.d, SOS and p.r.n. The respondents were non cognizant of the position of deltacortil, septran, fansidar, Augmentin, metronidazole and Lomotil as prescription merely medical specialty in 26.7 % , 64.2 % , 44.5 % , 50.4 % , 77.4 % and 63.6 % of the instances severally ( Table I ) . Books were the most often used informations beginning for information by dispensers. In 46.6 % instances dispensers were confer withing Pharmaguide to acquire the desired information followed by British National Formulary 0.3 % , Drug guide 0.3 % and British Pharmacoepia in 0.3 % of the instances. In add-on to knowledge appraisal of dispensers, survey besides included some inquiries to happen general views/opinions of dispensers to acquire some penetration into the grounds of prevalent patterns. Seventy two per centum of dispensers claimed to hold some cognition of ordinance while 17.3 % claimed that they are non practised. Twenty seven per centum of dispensers were of the position that ordinance for pharmaceuticss is rough while 46 % believe that they are acceptable. The sale of prescription merely medicines without prescription was considered as a job by 80 % of the dispensers. Over 90 % of dispensers thought that selling medical specialty is a good occupation and 73.6 % would besides urge this to their households while 80 % were satisfied with their current occupation as dispensers. Bing an honorable and respectable occupation ( 53.6 % ) with ample net incomes ( 26.4 % ) and an chance to be updated with current cognition ( 9.1 % ) were the grounds for fall ining this profession. Dispensers were of the position that they are capable of run intoing the demands of the profession to the full ( 73.6 % ) , to some extent ( 21.8 % ) while 4.6 % believed that they are non run intoing the demands at all. Some of the jobs faced by the dispensers in the profession were patient demand of medical specialties without prescription ( 11.4 % ) , return of expired drugs to the pharmaceutical companies ( 11.4 % ) , clip devouring profession due to long on the job hours ( 10 % ) , ordinance ( 7.9 % ) , and handiness of many trade names in market ( 7.6 % ) , less net income bo rder ( 4.7 % ) , drug supply issues ( 3.8 % ) and illegible prescriptions ( 1.6 % ) . Over 90 % of dispensers believed that distributing in their pharmaceutics was appropriate. The grounds claimed were no ailments from patients ( 12.1 % ) , ample experience ( 7.1 % ) , following ordinances ( 26.6 % ) , holding intensifying services ( 0.5 % ) , transporting out patient guidance ( 11.5 % ) , selling full scope of medical specialties in good vicinity ( 5.8 % ) and presence of qualified individual ( 3 % ) . But still over 80 % of dispensers felt that they are far behind when compared to international criterions of distributing patterns. The dispensers notify that they can lend to the profession through following ordinances ( 25.3 % ) , by advancing generics ( 3.8 % ) , by take downing the monetary values ( 4 % ) , bettering drug handiness ( 1.6 % ) , by undertaking with unethical selling ( 5.7 % ) and this could be achieved by bettering the regulators attitude ( 4.3 % ) . Ninety per centum dispensers identified the demand for developing with 85 % with the consent of go to ing if chance provided. The median obtained for the cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in the three metropoliss was 33 ( 31-37 ) which when compared with mention graduated table ( 22-44 ) showed unequal cognition. While the average obtained in single metropoliss was 32 ( 29-35 ) in Islamabad, 34 ( 32-36 ) in Peshawar and 35 ( 31-38 ) in Lahore. The cognition of dispensers working in community pharmaceuticss in Islamabad was relatively better than in Peshawar and Lahore. Kruskal-Wallis trial was used to compare the cognition of dispensers holding different degree of instruction, working experience in three different metropoliss sing storage temperature, prescription nomenclatures and position of drugs. A important difference in the cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in the three metropoliss was observed. Knowledge of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in Islamabad was relatively better than dispensers working in Peshawar and Lahore ( Table II ) . The dispensers holding experience less than one twelvemonth had better cognition in Lahore ( Table III ) . Pharmacists were holding better cognition sing storage temperature, prescription nomenclatures and position of drugs as compared to pharmaceutics helpers, sheepskin holders and salesmen ( Table IV ) . Mann Whitney and kruskal-wallis trial were used to compare impact of preparation, position in pharmaceutics and rural/urban scene on the cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in the three metropoliss. No important difference was observed among the cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss with different position ( licence, proprietor, partner and employee ) , rural/urban scene and preparation in the three metropoliss. Discussion Main findings of the survey The overall making, cognition and preparation of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in Pakistan is unequal. The presence of lawfully qualified individual is negligible at the pharmaceuticss and in most of the instances proprietors are replacing the qualified individual [ 8-10, 15, 16 ] . They besides lack any formal dispensing related instruction and preparation [ 17 ] . The present survey highlighted that merely few dispensers received any formal preparation in the past old ages but this preparation could non interpret into their better cognition [ 9 ] .This raises inquiries on the quality of developing received by dispensers in the state. Drug information beginnings used by dispensers extremely influence the quality of their cognition. Most of the dispensers were utilizing Pharma Guide a commercially available collection of medical specialties [ 18, 19 ] . The survey consequences besides highlighted pharmaceutical companies as drug information supplier through medical r epresentatives and drug literature [ 5, 10, 20 ] . The consequences of the survey showed that dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in Islamabad had better cognition as comparison to other two metropoliss. Pharmacists were holding relatively better cognition though their presence at community pharmaceuticss was low. The dispensers holding experience of less than one twelvemonth were holding better cognition in Lahore. This might be linked to more figure of druggist and fresh alumnuss with updated cognition working at community pharmaceuticss in Lahore. The survey highlighted lacks in basic cognition of dispensers sing prescription nomenclatures. The consequences of the survey showed that most of the dispensers were cognizant of the position of Xanax ( lexotanil ) as POM but surprisingly Mentronidazole ( Flagyl ) , Cotrimoxazole ( Septran ) and Coamixiclave ( Augmentin ) which are POM were considered as OTC by dispensers. This lacking cognition can be linked with deficiency of making and preparation. Majority of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss claimed that selling POM medical specialties without prescription is a job. Dispensers believed that they are far behind in their patterns as compared to international criterions though they are carry throughing the local professional demands. With this hapless province of cognition bulk of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss believed that they are capable of run intoing the demands of their profession. It is interesting to detect that dispensers believe that by holding no ailments, ample experience, following ordinances and maintaining full scope of medical specialties they are carry throughing the demand of the profession. This highlights confusion and deficiency of consciousness sing professional duties among dispensers. Majority of them expressed willingness to larn and take part if any chance of preparation is provided. Even though dispensers donaa‚Â ¬a„?t possess prope r tools to map, in footings of making and cognition but still they are satisfied with their occupation and would besides urge this to others as they feel it as a profitable white neckband concern with no important jobs. This fact can besides be linked with the current on traveling unbridled scenario in the state in which they can acquire off practising as professionals ; with no making, unequal cognition and appropriate experience, with least demand from regulators and society [ 21 ] . What is already known on this subject Inadequate cognition of the dispensers at community pharmaceuticss in Pakistan has been reported [ 9, 10 ] . The importance of making, experience, preparation and cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss is non much emphasized in the state. Very small is known about the background, experience, instruction, preparation and cognition on how they handle the proficient undertakings of drugs storage, quality care, and pull offing assortment of patients with or without prescriptions. The present survey has documented the impact of making, preparation and experience on cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in the state. The survey has besides highlighted jobs faced in this profession and suggestions for bettering the current patterns which has non been antecedently highlighted by any other survey. What this survey adds This survey aimed to place and compare the bing spreads in the cognition, making and preparation of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in three major metropoliss of Pakistan. The present survey is important and contributes in this facet as it has assessed and compared the cognition of dispensers holding different makings, working experience, position in pharmaceutics, urban/rural scene and preparation received working in different metropoliss. The survey besides highlighted assorted jobs in the profession and suggestions for the bettering the current state of affairs. This survey will function as a baseline to plan future intercessions to better the cognition of dispensers sing drug usage in order to use maximal potencies of community pharmaceuticss in proviso of better patient oriented services. Restriction of the survey Some of the restrictions faced during the survey were fiscal and logistic restraints and political convulsion in the state. Reluctance from dispensers to portion information, existent replies may be different due to the sensitiveness of the inquiries. The cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss was assessed in three major metropoliss and may non be generalizable to the cognition of dispensers working at community pharmaceuticss in other metropoliss of the state. In decision, deficiency of proper making, preparation and cognition of dispensers is a great challenge for accomplishing effectual wellness of general public go toing community pharmaceuticss. Ambiguity in jurisprudence and its execution and complacency in attitude of relevant interest holders are responsible for such prevalent fortunes. There is a strong demand to implement ordinances to guarantee presence of qualified individual equipped with sufficient cognition and preparation at pharmaceuticss with uninterrupted monitoring plans. Authoraa‚Â ¬a„?s parts A.H. had complete entree to informations of the survey and is responsible for the truth and analysis of informations. A.H. and M.I.M.I. conceptualized and designed the survey. A.H. and M.I.M.I. obtain, analyzed and interpreted the information. Manuscript was drafted by A.H and A.H and M.I.M.I. conducted reappraisal of literature. Recognitions The writers would wish to widen their grasp to Ministry of Health Pakistan, Government of Pakistan. The writers besides thank the District Health Offices of Islamabad, Peshawar and Lahore for their support during the survey. Particular gratitude to the survey participants and informations aggregators and their caputs of pharmaceutics sections at Hamdard University, Islamabad, Peshawar University, Peshawar and Punjab University, Lahore. Funding The writers would wish to widen their grasp to the Ministry of Health R A ; D fund Pakistan for partial support of this survey. How to cite Working At Community Pharmacies Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Impact of Cultural Diversity Global Business Operations

Question: Discuss about a Essay on Impact of Cultural Diversity on the global business operations? Answer: Identification and critical analysis of different types of cultural frameworks Cultural diversity critically creates a great impact on the execution of the global business operations. The personal culture of an individual is mainly shared with the help of individual's skills, knowledge, traits or the personality residing within the concerned environment (Berardo and Deardorff, 2012). As per the past researchers, different types of the cultures reveals desired facts about different cultures. The researchers have critically formed three cultural models consisting of three cultural influences within the international market. These are personal culture, organizational culture, and the national culture. Diversity reveals the desired facts related to the different behavior, attitudes, values and beliefs of the different people coming from all over the world. The personal culture of the people coming from different countries revealed their attitudes, behavior, traits, qualities and skills within a particular field. The personal culture of the people generally comes from the context of his or her family or friends or from the educational environments (Bryman, 2011). Different types of the people coming from different cultures have a specific culture with them. National culture is that particular culture which generates from the values, beliefs, behaviors and attitudes provided by the heritage of the concerned country (de Castro Campos, Kool and Muysken, 2013). Different nations throughout the country have different beliefs and they encourage different cultures throughout their country. The individuals throughout the nation have wide ranges of beliefs that highlight their national culture. Corporate culture is merely the combination of the shared institutional values, beliefs, organizations philosophy which is revealed in the mission and vision of the concerned organization. Just like the national culture, the corporations view their organizations culture differently (Chen, 2011). It has been seen that different types of the people have their own beliefs and cultures that prevail within the organization (Croll et al., 2010). The ideas and culture of the different people within the organization helps in bringing out the desired innovation techniques and creativity in order to enhance the efficiency of the work processes (Neuman, W. L., 2011). Cultural models including modes of communication and behaviors Communication processes between various employees are considered to more important as it helps in understanding the values and beliefs of the different employees associated within the organization. It has been seen that in different industry sectors, the values and beliefs of the people are quite different (Eide and Nikunen, 2011). There are different types of models for the communication process which helps to understand the particular situation in a better way. These models are the linear model, interactive model, and a transactional model (Rose, 2012). The linear model represents the one-way or the linear process in which the listener listen and the speaker speaks. The next is the interactive model which also highlights the one-way process but the listener never listens and speaks only. The main fact resides that both the listener and the speaker listens as well as speaks one by one. The feedback reveals the fact listening and speaking is carried out in both ways verbally and non-verbally. The third one is the transactional process which highlights that the message can be sent or receive simultaneously. There are three implications of the transactional process related to the sending and receiving messages. Suppliers and customers It has been seen that within the industry sectors the cultural diversity affects the execution of the work processes between the suppliers as well as the customers. Proper means of the communication process helps to enhance the efficiency of the desired work process (Fernando, 2012). It becomes very important for the suppliers to express their particular view in order to increase the selling of the desired products to the customers (Silverman, D., 2011). The communication process helps in understanding the diverse cultures of the customers and the suppliers in a better way (Foster, 2011). The diverse cultures are important in order to increase the selling of the products of any particular organization. Students and tutors Communication process plays the most important role for the students studying abroad. In order to understand the different views of the students, it is very important for the tutors to enhance the communication process, as the diverse cultures affect the educational environment (Galaktionova, 2015). Innovation is the desired tools that are introduced with the help o the diverse cultures of the students coming from different countries (Gone, 2011). Thus, the use of the frameworks for the diversity helps in evaluating the desired knowledge of the people as well as the students and tutors. Medical / healthcare professionals and patients The diverse culture creates a great impact within the medical or the health care sectors. Cultural models help in maintaining the efficiency of the work processes carried out between the health care professionals (Gone, 2011). The diverse cultures help in innovating new ways for assisting the patients within the health care (Snow and Taylor, 2009). Therefore, the proper means of the communication process will help in establishing the desired understanding between healthcare professionals as well as the patients. Implementation of management strategies to overcome diversity challenges Formulation of the strategies is considered to be very important as this will help in reducing the adverse affects of the diversity practices. People need to understand the benefits of diversity practices in different industries or different business sectors. Moreover, the leadership practices from the senior managers or the respective leaders of the concerned organization helps in maintaining the desired efficiency and effectiveness of the entire organization. There are certain important points that need to be considered in order to increase the overall performance of the organization including people from different cultures. Cultural literacy and competency Management strategies are considered to be of great importance as this help in reducing or overcoming the challenges coming from the diverse culture globally. Cultural literacy and the competency are two of the main elements that help in overcoming the challenges that come from the diversity internationally (Shwalb, Shwalb, and Lamb, 2013). Cultural competency is considered to be very important within the healthcare sectors. The cultural competency mainly refers to the ability of the concerned health care system in front of the patients and this includes the desired beliefs and the values of the organization. Cultural literacy helps in making people understand about the desired values and importance of the different cultures of people coming from various countries. Creative conflict Management It has been seen that in many of the organization operating internationally conflicts arise due to various reasons. Therefore, the strategies for managing the conflicts are regarded as to be very crucial. The reduction of the conflicts will help in evaluating the desired growth of the organization and this will bring success for the organization (Snow and Taylor, 2009). Therefore, it becomes the core responsibility of the management team to implement strategies and communicate the desired message to adopt various cultures. There are several barriers such as the language barriers, social-cultural barriers and many more. Innovative ideas, as well as use innovative techniques, will help in managing the conflicts and it enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of the workplace (Yahoo Finance, 2016). The diverse culture sometimes leads to the racial discrimination between the employees or the individuals associated with the concerned organization. Thus, it becomes the core responsibility of the management team of the concerned organization to spread the message of collaboration and cooperation and to encourage diverse cultures, as the respect and encouragement to the diverse cultures helps in reducing the conflicts to a large extent. This also promotes and evaluates the significant growth of the organization. Localization This is one of the major factors which create a major impact in maintaining the diverse cultures between the individuals concerned. It is very important for the organization as well as the management team of the organization to understand the local or regional values and beliefs as this will help in executing the business process of the concerned firm. Establishing the leadership within the organization will help in managing the challenges that arise from the diverse cultures globally (SOUTH SUDAN - SUDAN: Latest Talks Fail, 2013). The issues related to the diverse cultures are commonly seen globally. Poor communication process also influences the diversity management practices within various organizations. Internationalization of websites The internalization of the different websites helps in encouraging the diversity practices internationally. It promotes and encourages the different cultures across different nations throughout the world. it becomes very important for the different organizations operating internationally to maintain the proper balance between the employees as well as the customers of that particular organization. Thus, the diverse cultures play the most important role. Therefore, the diversity practices help in evaluating the desired growth of the organization to a large extent. It enhances the communication process and creates awareness among the people which proves to be very helpful in reducing the discrimination and the social injustice that prevails between the different categories of people due to diverse cultures. Advancement of the communication technology plays the most vital role in reducing the great impact of the diversity across people working internationally. References Bryman, A. (2011).The SAGE handbook of leadership. London: SAGE. de Castro Campos, M., Kool, C. and Muysken, J. (2013). Cross-Country Private Saving Heterogeneity and Culture.De Economist, 161(2), pp.101-120. Neuman, W. L., N. (2011).The Research Design Maze: Understanding Paradigms, Cases, Methods and Methodologies. [online] Papers.ssrn.com. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2103082 [Accessed 15 Feb. 2016]. Rose, G. (2012). [online] Available at: https://www.colorado.edu/geography/class_homepages/geog_4892_sum11/geog4892_sum11/materials_files/Rose%20Visual%20Methodologies%20Chpt1+8.pdf [Accessed 15 Feb. 2016]. Silverman, D., S. (2011).Interpreting Qualitative Data. [online] Google Books. Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=uooz4p82sDgCoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Silverman,+D.+(2011),+Interpreting+qualitative+data:+methods+for+analysing+talk,+text+and+interaction,+Sage,+London.ots=uPVJVswfGTsig=IRnj05oks9v_iPdL0M8rjPC6MDE#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed 15 Feb. 2016]. Yahoo Finance, (2016).Yahoo Finance - Business Finance, Stock Market, Quotes, News. [online] Available at: https://finance.yahoo.com/ [Accessed 15 Feb. 2016]. Berardo, K., and Deardorff, D. (2012).Building cultural competence. Sterling, Va.: Stylus Pub. Chen, T. (2011).Implementing new business models in for-profit and non-profit organizations. Hershey, Pa.: IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA). Croll, B., Jayawardhana, R., Fortney, J., Lafrenire, D. and Albert, L. (2010). NEAR-INFRARED THERMAL EMISSION FROM TrES-3b: AKs -BAND DETECTION AND AN H -BAND UPPER LIMIT ON THE DEPTH OF THE SECONDARY ECLIPSE.ApJ, 718(2), pp.920-927. Eide, E., and Nikunen, K. (2011).Media in motion. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Fernando, G. (2012). Review of Counseling diversity.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 18(2), pp.216-217. Foster, H. (2011).Art since 1900. New York: Thames Hudson. Galaktionova, N. (2015). EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES OF IDENTITY FORMATION: THE NATIONAL-STATE AND ETHNO-CULTURAL ASPECTS.KS, 0(2), p.54. Gone, J. (2011). Is psychological science a cultural?.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(3), pp.234-242. Shwalb, D., Shwalb, B. and Lamb, M. (2013).Fathers in cultural context. New York: Psychology Press. Snow, N. and Taylor, P. (2009).Routledge handbook of public diplomacy. New York: Routledge. SOUTH SUDAN - SUDAN: Latest Talks Fail. (2013).Afr Res Bull Polit, 50(1), pp.19554A-19554C.

Wildlife Essays (824 words) - Habitat, Environmental Conservation

Wildlife The"cry of the wild" can still be heard across this great land. I have heard the bugle of an elk on the Great Plains...the shrill of a bald eagle along the banks of the mightily Mississippi...the roar of a brown eagle bear on windswept tundra...and the gobble of a wild turkey among western foothills. Amazing beauty can still be found in the natural landscapes of this great land. I have seen through televisions, articles, books, and newspapers the towering forests...pristine waters...rich wetlands...wide-open prairies...majestic mountains...and vast deserts alive with color. I am in awe by the complexity and wonder of the natural world. Truly, it is where you can find solace and peace. America is truly blessed. A land rich in natural resources----our sense of adventure, pioneering spirit, and tenacity. Irving Berlin's God Bless America, Woody Guthrie's This Land is Your Land, and Samuel Smith's America all declare a love and respect for this land we call "home." It is our duty to regain a love and respect for the land, its beauty, and life ?s comfort. The legacy of our natural resource heritage must be preserved. Education is the answer. Through writing my paper I have learned that endangered species is more than a name, it is a mission in-and-of-itself, a mission to keep safe our wildlife---forever. The earth is home to more than 5.2 billion people, each having certain needs, wants, and desires. The process of consumption drastically changes the natural landscape, an many cases to the wearing away of other species. Consumption transform vast quantities of natural resources, such as fossil fuels and trees, into countless products and mountains of waste. As such, it directly and indirectly impacts land use decisions including wetland drainage, the clearing of forest, mining, agricultural production, and development. Over time, the increasing affect of poor land use, decisions, and reckless use of natural resources have undermined the integrity and to keep up the ability of the natural world, resulting in global environmental reduction. In his book, Earth in the Balance---Ecology and the Human Spirit, Vice President Al Gore writes: "The disharmony in our relationship to the earth, which stems in part from our addiction to a pattern of consuming ever-larger quantities of the resources of the earth, is now manifest in successive crises, each marking a more destructive clash between our civilization and the natural world: whereas all threats to the environment used to be local and regional, several are now strategic . The loss of one and a half acres of rain forest every second, the sudden, thousand fold acceleration of the natural extinction rate for living species, the ozone hole above Antarctica and the thinning of the ozone layer at all latitudes, the possible destruction of the climate balance that makes our lives livable--all these suggest the increasingly violent collision between human civilization and the natural world. For civilization as a whole, the faith that is so essential to restore the balance now missing in our relationship to the earth is the faith that we have a future. We can believe in that future and work to achieve it and preserve it, or we can whirl blindly on, behaving as if one day there will be no children to inherit our legacy. The choice is ours; the earth is in the balance." What is the leading threat to wildlife? What does the word "threatened" mean? What does the word "endangered mean? Does extinction really mean gone forever? What happened to the Bald Eagle? The words"threatened" and "endangered" are used to describe the status of rare wildlife and plant species. Threatened is used to classify a species with dangerously low population numbers. The bald eagle is an example of a threatened wildlife species. And extinct is used to identify a species that no longer exists or has died out. The dusky seaside sparrow is an example of an extinct wildlife species. Persistent decline in wildlife populations led Congress to enact the Endangered Species in 1973. The act mandated the federal government to protect endangered wildlife, plant species, and their habitats. Today, there are over 1,000 species protected by the Endangered Species Act. Approximately 50 species are added each year. The loss of any species is cause for great concern. However, extinction occurs naturally as part of the process of evolution. In fact, paleontologists (one who studies the past geological periods) have yet to agree upon what caused dinosaurs to become extinct. Theories include a collision with a massive meteorite or the eruption of a volcano leading to drastic changes in climate conditions.

Assessing Manpower Planning Requirements For Marriott Hotels Tourism Essay Example

Assessing Manpower Planning Requirements For Marriott Hotels Tourism Essay Example Assessing Manpower Planning Requirements For Marriott Hotels Tourism Essay Assessing Manpower Planning Requirements For Marriott Hotels Tourism Essay In cordial reception industry human resources direction is really of import, to look after the organisation. Human Resources direction is to enroll the employees, and work out their jobs in organisation. Human Resources direction demand for staff members with assortment of cognition, accomplishments and experience to bring forth the merchandises and services to the consumers. HR has to see the jobs of staff in the organisation, and besides arrange the adjustments and their installations of the staff. This industry of frequently has been described as a people concern . Human Resources direction to run organisation he has to be familiar with all facets like political position, economic status, competitions and societal positions. Here we have a instance analyze how human resources direction plants in cordial reception industry. Manpower planning, this term has to be explained really carefully and confidentially to human resources. To enroll the people in the administration with the specific activities and specific places to do net income for the administration. Maximum to assist staff to acquire the basic net income to administration. Manpower is taking the right sort of a people in the right administration depends on their experience in the relevant field for a defined occupation. Human Resources direction and planning is the chief beginning of organisation to acquire the maximal net income to the company by enrolling the staff. Once the company recruit the staff it is the responsibility of human resources to explicate the regulations and aims of the company. So that staff can cognize about the administration every bit good, if the staff is non good trained than human resources have to be trained the staff. In Marriott s civilization human resources patterns including work force planning, employee keeping, choice and recruit, develop and developing these common things are included in Marriott s civilization. 2. Stairss in Manpower Planning: Giving good chances to childs naming them in higher places and to give them a new chance in the organisation. Promoting the staff by advancing them in the good places, depending on their end product and experience in the relevant field. It is good to organisation and makes net income by internal publicities to the staff. While recruit the staff it has to be clearly reference by work force or human resources to depict the staff about the occupation description. Manpower has to enroll the staff with adequate beginnings, because it is over staff there is a job in organisation on the salary positions. So manpower has to enroll merely adequate beginnings of staff. 3. Advantages of Manpower Planning: Harmonizing to Hayes and Ninemeier, ( 2008 ) ; Manpower will give guarantee the employee future publicities as an inducements in the organisation. It educates the people in the organisation, by pass oning with different nationalities people, it is an advantage from manpower to staff. Manpower gives smooth working to the organisation by enrolling the staff, as working even enlargement of the administration. Harmonizing to this facilitate work force gives smooth working in the organisation. Hayes and Ninemeier, ( 2008 ) , ( Introduction to Human Resources Management and Manpower planning to HR, John Wiley and Sons Publications Ltd. Publication day of the month 13th Feb 2008 ) . 4. Need for Manpower Planning in Marriott Hotels: The chief purpose of Marriott hotels are to fulfill the invitee with proper installations and first-class services. To accomplish these things from guest staff has look after their accomplishments and efficiency this bend would assist for the company or administration to accomplish their defined marks or ends. Since Marriott hotels are celebrated international hotels through out the universe broad and its really busy all times with invitees. So manpower is of import to avoid of deficit of staff to execute the occupation. 5. Labour Market Scheme: Labour market scheme means, deficiency of qualified in assorted degree with accomplishments and efficiency is know as labour scheme . In cordial reception industry they need more qualified and efficiency in different degrees. This means supply and demand of the labor to work in thee industry, this is most happen in cordial reception industry. To avoid this state of affairs they required of staff to make a peculiar occupation in the cordial reception industry. Human resources planning is concerned with doing certain that the administrations has the right figure of employee of the right quality. The chief jobs for the human resources be aftering are accomplishments deficits, competition for employees and labour turnover. Harmonizing to this in cordial reception industry labour bend over is more. Because there are new facets to develop the cordial reception industry and to do more hard in the labor market. ( www.dawsonera.com ) B. External Factors that influence and quality supply for the Administration: External factors the influence of a scope of administrations are Political, Economical, Sociological and Technological and this is besides know as ( PEST ) . About these external factors, before that some factors are influence for the administration that is know as SWOT ( strength, failing, chances and menaces ) . In these some are internal and micro environmental, strength and failing are internal factors. Opportunities and menaces are micro environmental, and PEST comes under the facet of External factors of the administration. The followers are some of the external factors: Political Factors: This factor is largely include with authorities organic structures and legal formalities in both formal and informal activities which is under the regulations operate. This political is immense sphere which is holding the background of authorities, it depends on the concern and disbursement power of consumers on with other concern. For illustration political factor means rational belongings protection, legal frame work, trade ordinances and duties. Economic factors: Economic factors largely effected in buying the clients potency of power cost of capital and costs. Economic factors which grows the economical growing in the market every bit good in administration besides. But it over the involvements rates and besides exchange rates in the economic manner of growing. Economic factor inflated the rates of growing in the economic market scheme Social Factors: Social factor which includes the facets of the external factors in macro environment which is demographic and civilization. First societal factors goes on population growing of rate which should be control by societal factors. But in administration it should look after the staff of wellness consciousness and administration is tally the staff with calling attitudes. Social factors job with the age distribution and accent on safety. Social factors which is of import to command the administration in external methods. Technological Factors: Technology factors, now a yearss engineering is really fast grown up, today s universe everything is generated with engineering. There is lot rate of technological alteration. In administration engineering is really of import largely MNC companies and besides in cordial reception industry. Technology inducements are more utile to administration, automatic equipments are introduce to run the administration this is an outsourcing factor which is related to external factor in administration. www.quickmba.com C. Four Manpower Demand Factors Chosen Administration: 1. Ages: Marriott hotels been a international group of hotel normally target the work force between the age of 18 to 32 old ages about. Marriott recruits the immature staff to give a speedy service to the clients, now a yearss in hotel industry work force and human resources are enrolling the immature staff to look good and cheerful for the client and growing make net income in concern. Young people are fall ining the Marriott hotel an offered to acquire an confidence and speedy publicities. 2. Skills and Training: In Marriott hotels all the staff are go through a series of developing session classs, these staff are besides given developing on the occupation. So these preparation helps them to larn about occupation description and besides to betterment in the accomplishments of the staff. In Marriott hotels these on occupation preparation will be given because to hold speedy service to invitees. In London Marriott hotels are the best hotels for preparation for the employees and their accomplishments. The thought both preparation for the classs and on occupation preparation Marriott hotels are best administration. D. Labour Employee turnover: Labour turnover I defined as the figure of ratio of the figure of employees that leave the administration with surrender or dismissal. During this period figure of paysheet employees on same period. To cipher labour turnover and to make comparing in the administration is to be calculated like this: labor turnover = the figure of departers in the set period/ the mean figure employed in that period x 100. Normally this method was used in UK administrations to mensurate the labor turnover is called rough wastage method so that labor turnover study organizational comparing study could do. Labour turnover will be differentiate between different group of employees and measuring by section or subdivision or harmonizing to such factors length of service or age of business. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/1998/01/feature/uk9801193f.htm Last Publication Date: 28 Jan 1998 ) 1. Fast Food Sector and Labour Turn Over: Fast nutrient concern chiefly confronting job of labour bend over, this is because unequal pay degrees taking to employees traveling to rivals. Senior citizen increased per centum mark market jobs. Because they staff is non holding proper preparation, and largely occupations are recruit for portion clip occupations. Harmonizing to this more insouciant workers and portion clip employees have non seen growing of calling. Employee benefits could be increased by birthday off s, maternity/ paternity leaves to be increased. These following schemes have to be taken by sector to cut down these factors. In order to this staff have to be suggest the HR to decidedly to assist employees sentiments and suggestion. Because this will assist to increase their and better their public presentation and accept it, and besides squad understand their function clearly and effects the productiveness of concern. To better the productiveness of concern there should be greatest feedback and should be implement on them. They will be treated with regard and presuming them with wagess with low staff turnover and motivated willing squad. Marriott hotels have taken such a few stairss, this respects which are processs and supplying early publicities to immature recruits. If you see about the history of Marriott hotels in fast nutrient sector is first-class. In the twelvemonth 1939 Marriott hotels won the U.S. exchequer edifice against the excellence service in nutrient direction. With this growing in productiveness in the twelvemonth 1940 Marriott hotels opened five new eating houses and in 1955 Marriott hotels enter in nutrient service market at the kids s infirmary in Washington. Marriott hotels continues and started cordial reception industry to function the people with good service. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/marriott-international-inc England, Robert Stowe, Are Two Marriott s Better Than One? , A Financial World, A November 10, 1992, pp. 28-29 ) . E. Supply and Demand of Labour: In any administrations labour are really of import because to run the administration decently required of labor. Demand of labour the rule of supply fundamentally depends on the corporate program. When the events are at that place in hotels like Christmas, Olympics games and Happy New Year, during these events labour on demand, evidently there is limited labour supply in labour market. The factor including working forms, better wage and rewards economic province and of all time changing authorities regulations and ordinances. The supply and demand of labor is much like supply and demand for any other service. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp? ID=949.com ) F. Improvements and Implementation: We will now discourse about assorted betterments which we need to concentrate on. Talent Pool: It is of import that we recognise our staff ability and promote them to take on higher duty. This will give them a growing chance and besides occupation satisfaction. We will take the staff who are executing good on the recommendation and suggestion from the directors or supervisors. We will than see their profile and past accomplishments to see that they are fit for to take on this new function. Salary increase and benefits: Salary is the most of import factor. We can see that major labor turnover is due to salary bundle. We need to re-structure our assessments and increment process. Appraisals need to be held every six months so that we review our staff public presentation and give them feedback so that they can better and stand out. Increment should be done atleast one time in a twelvemonth taking consideration of their past assessments. This is will give tonss of encouragement in the employee public presentation. Agency / Consultancy: We should engage some new bureaus to make short listing of campaigners while enrolling. This will assist us to cut down our cost and we can concentrate on concluding interviews to take right campaigner. Harmonizing to this work burden will be reduced and perspective working. This is the best manner of the enrolling the employees in administration. Flexibility: As most of the employees working in Marriott are pupils, we need to take attention on their handiness. We need to be flexible with the timings they want to work. This will give them good motive and the turnover can be reduced in our company. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessballs.com/pestanalysisfreetemplate ) . Decision: Harmonizing to this study as I came to cognize about Marriott Hotels, how we understand the different importance of assorted tendencies and issues on the administration. Which reflects the room division, house maintaining and nutrient service and fast nutrient eating houses. Equally long as nucleus competences are recognized and neer forgettable, so this concern continues. If the organisation has to run and acquire good concern than all hotels as to follow these implements and they should use these in organisation. In this administration all get good concern and benefits besides like portion holders, etc the corporation is neer excessively far and the success of the company. ( Marriott Hotels ) . HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Undertaking: 2 Legislation Implied on Human Resources: The statute law act preparing and passage of Torahs, United Kingdom is one of the original signer of the European Conventions of Human Rights 1950 ( ECHR ) than parliament passed the act in 1998 of the conventions rights in domestic jurisprudence. For illustration at a usually looked and movable an employee to less desirable occupation in industry for non merely look the affairs of equal rights, equal wage, but besides look in the affairs of maternity/paternity and right to disenable. If any administrations found illegal practises of work force making this sort of activity will be taken under this act. hypertext transfer protocol: //mavrkylawcenter.blogspot.com/2006/10/human-rights-act-1998.html Footings and Conditionss of Recruitment and Employment Act 2005: Discrimination happens when the employee treats one favourably than comparison to others. It besides treats like female employee is being paid less and male being paid more, comparing to female, but the occupation description is same for both. Besides minority cultural being refused to give the preparation with white people. There are specific Torahs against some type of favoritism it has been called improper favoritism. This is means if your employee dainty less with the others employee like been paid less, comparing genders or soldierly position than you can able take an action against this improper favoritism act. Comparing race, coloring material, sex, cultural background, nationality, faith, soldierly position, and disablement these are some of the Torahs comes under favoritism. This favoritism act was precisely in 1995 but authorities amended some the Torahs to Act 2005. These act implies on disablement, the physical challenge employees are disadvantages of this act because sensible accommodation for the handicapped people. hypertext transfer protocol: //webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/DiscriminationAtWork/DG_10026557 2.0: Statutory Provisions- Health and Safety Act 1974: The Healthy and Safety act 1974 is the primary statute law covering working related wellness and safety in Marriott Hotels. The chief duties for this act is organisation when staff at work topographic point this is the duties of executive wellness and safety director. 2.1: Hazard Appraisals: Your employee has to be responsible for your wellness and safety at work. In Marriott Hotels director has to name one competent individual to look after you while at you work. Under this act employer has to supply personal protective equipment ( PPE ) to the employees free of charge. This is normally when the house is smaller one or industry is big they have to trained with wellness and safety act. There should non be any hazard appraisal in company to staff, they have to be look work topographic point should be safe and clear. Prevent the hazards to wellness, guarantee that works and machinery should be work and should be placed on right topographic point at right work. Ensure that administration should supply foremost assistance installations and to put up the exigency programs. In each and every section there should be program of fire issue, so that in instance any fire, staff can evacuate the topographic point instantly these are programs in Marriott Hotels are to followed in haz ard appraisal. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/HealthAndSafetyAtWork/DG_4016686 3.0: Codes Of Practices Act 1995- Disciplinary Procedures: Harmonizing to Boella M.J. : In Marriott Hotels, it is really of import some of the regulations which we are set should followed by us. These defines the professionalism criterions which member must keep as a status of rank. those who are adheres these regulations is obligatory, they will be failure to make such disciplinary action and these act will be taken against the member in conformity with Bye-Laws 56-71. 3.1: Personally: Human resources squad is responsible for this, because should modulate their professionalism personal businesss in all regard of criterions to continue their unity and statutory duties. Human resources should look after the employees whether they are login accurate clip and log out on clip, if employee is non experiencing good on work should inform to Human Resources section. When in chase in personal aspirations and involvements should taken on others account. 3.2: Rules Of Behavior: Now allow us concentrate on grudge process, it is a codification of pattern which lies under the employment relation act 1999. This means the employee has rights to raise any sort of jobs at work such as wage working status, non acquiring his/her statutory employment rights. That means these regulations implies on every staff, should be equal while comparing with others. Boella M.J. ( Appendix-5 ; Page no 315-316 ; 7th Edition ) . 4.0: Administration Act- National Minimum Wage Act: National lower limit pay is really of import for recruits in the company for bing employees. It is really of import offer wages up to ?5.80 for 22 old ages old and above it is ?4.28 per hr. The 2nd volume to be appear and address other issues such as the young person rate the age at which comes into force presently 22 old ages and the adjustment off set. Development rate should be increased from ?3.20 per hr to ?3.50 per hr as per the national lower limit pay act. This pay act was taken in 1998. 4.1: Executions: This national lower limit pay act entitles in UK for all the workers in UK to have this minimal national lower limit pay. The national lower limit rewards entitles for all employees in UK, the worker has right to do minimal pay in a tribunal or civil tribunal. It is really of import to understand employees national minimal pay act is non implied suitably by them. This could be condemnable offense would decline or willfully neglect to pay the minimal pay. hypertext transfer protocol: //webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http: //www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo

World War II - Lieutenant Colonel Otto Skorzeny

World War II - Lieutenant Colonel Otto Skorzeny Otto Skorzeny - Early Life Career: Otto Skorzeny was born June 12, 1908, in Vienna, Austria. Raised in a middle class family, Skorzeny spoke fluent German and French and was educated locally before attending university. While there, he developed skills in fencing. Taking part in numerous bouts, he received a long scar on the left side of his face. This along with his height (64), was one of Skorzenys distinguishing features. Unhappy with the rampant economic depression prevalent in Austria, he joined the Austrian Nazi Party in 1931 and a short time later became a member of the SA (Stormtroopers). Otto Skorzeny - Joining the Military: A civil engineer by trade, Skorzeny came to minor prominence when he saved Austrian President Wilhelm Miklas from being shot during the Anschluss in 1938. This action caught the eye of Austrian SS chief Ernst Kaltenbrunner. With the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Skorzeny attempted to join the Luftwaffe but instead was assigned as an officer-cadet in the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (Hitlers bodyguard regiment). Serving as a technical officer with the rank of second lieutenant, Skorzeny put his engineering training to use. During the invasion of France the following year, Skorzeny traveled with 1st Waffen SS Divisions artillery. Seeing little action, he later took part in the German campaign in the Balkans. During these operations, he compelled a large Yugoslav force to surrender and was promoted to first lieutenant. In June 1941, Skorzeny, now serving with the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich, took part in Operation Barbarossa. Attacking into the Soviet Union, Skorzeny aided in the fighting as German troops neared Moscow. Assigned to a technical unit, he was tasked with seizing key buildings in the Russian capital after its fall. Otto Skorzeny - Becoming a Commando: As the Soviet defenses held, this mission was ultimately called off. Remaining on the Eastern Front, Skorzeny was wounded by shrapnel from Katyusha rockets in December 1942. Though injured, he refused treatment and continued fighting until the effects of his wounds forced his evacuation. Taken to Vienna to recover, he received the Iron Cross. Given a staff role with the Waffen-SS in Berlin, Skorzeny began extensive reading and research into commando tactics and warfare. Enthusiastic about this alternative approach to warfare he began advocating it within the SS. Based on his work, Skorzeny believed that new, unconventional units should be formed to conduct attacks deep behind enemy lines. In April 1943, his work bore fruit as he was selected by Kaltenbrunner, now the head of the RSHA (SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt - Reich Main Security Office) to develop a training course for operatives that included paramilitary tactics, sabotage, and spying. Promoted to captain, Skorzeny quickly received command of Sonderverband z.b.V. Friedenthal. A special operations unit, it was redesignated 502nd SS Jger Battalion Mitte that June. Relentlessly training his men, Skorzenys unit conducted their first mission, Operation Francois, that summer. Dropping into Iran, a group from the 502nd was tasked with contacting dissident tribes in the region and encouraging them to attack Allied supply lines. While contact was made, little resulted from the operation. With the collapse of Benito Mussolinis regime in Italy, the dictator was arrested by the Italian government and moved through a series of safe houses. Angered by this Adolf Hitler ordered that Mussolini be rescued. Otto Skorzeny - The Most Dangerous Man in Europe: Meeting with a small group of officers in July 1943, Hitler personally selected Skorzeny to oversee the operation to free Mussolini. Familiar with Italy from a prewar honeymoon trip, he began a series of reconnaissance flights over the country. During this process he was shot down twice. Locating Mussolini at the remote Campo Imperatore Hotel atop Gran Sasso Mountain, Skorzeny, General Kurt Student, and Major Harald Mors began planning a rescue mission. Dubbed Operation Oak, the plan called for the commandoes to land twelve D230 gliders on a small patch of clear land before storming the hotel. Moving forward on September 12, the gliders landed on the mountain top and seized the hotel without firing a shot. Collecting Mussolini, Skorzeny and the deposed leader departed Gran Sasso aboard a small Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. Arriving in Rome, he escorted Mussolini to Vienna. As a reward for the mission, Skorzeny was promoted to major and awarded the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross. Skorzenys daring exploits at Gran Sasso were widely publicized by the Nazi regime and he was soon dubbed the most dangerous man in Europe. Otto Skorzeny - Later Missions: Riding the success of the Gran Sasso mission, Skorzeny was asked to oversee Operation Long Jump which called for operatives to assassinate Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin at the November 1943 Tehran Conference. Unconvinced that the mission could succeed, Skorzeny had it cancelled due to poor intelligence and the arrest of the lead agents. Moving on, he began planning Operation Knights Leap which was intended to capture Yugoslav leader Josip Tito at his Drvar base. Though he intended to personally lead the mission, he backed out after visiting Zagreb and finding its secrecy compromised. Despite this, the mission still went forward and ended disastrously in May 1944. Two months later, Skorzeny found himself in Berlin following the July 20 Plot to kill Hitler. Racing around the capital, he aided in putting down the rebels and maintaining Nazi control of the government. In October, Hitler summoned Skorzeny and gave him orders to go to Hungary and stop Hungarys Regent, Admiral Miklà ³s Horthy, from negotiating peace with the Soviets. Dubbed Operation Panzerfaust, Skorzeny and his men captured Horthys son and sent him to Germany as a hostage before securing Castle Hill in Budapest. As a result of the operation, Horthy left office and Skorzeny was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Otto Skorzeny - Operation Griffin: Returning to Germany, Skorzeny began planning Operation Griffin. A false-flag mission, it called for his men to dress in American uniforms and penetrate US lines during the opening phases of the Battle of Bulge to cause confusion and disrupt Allied movements. Moving forward with around 25 men, Skorzenys force had only minor success and many of his men were captured. Upon being taken, they spread rumors that Skorzeny was planning a raid on Paris to capture or kill General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Though untrue, these rumors led to Eisenhower being placed under heavy security. With the end of the operation, Skorzeny was transferred east and commanded regular forces as an acting major general. Mounting a tenacious defense of Frankfurt, he received the Oak Leaves to the Knights Cross. With defeat on the horizon, Skorzeny was tasked with creating a Nazi guerrilla organization dubbed the Werewolves. Lacking sufficient manpower to build a fighting force, he instead used the group to create esc ape routes out of Germany for Nazi officials. Otto Skorzeny - Surrender Later Life: Seeing little choice and believing he could be useful, Skorzeny surrendered to US forces on May 16, 1945. Held for two years, he was tried at Dachau for war crime tied to Operation Griffin. These charges were dismissed when a British agent stated that Allied forces had conducted similar missions. Escaping from an internment camp at Darmstadt in 1948, Skorzeny spent the remainder of his life as a military advisor in Egypt and Argentina as well as continued to aid former Nazis through the ODESSA network. Skorzeny died of cancer in Madrid, Spain on July 5, 1975, and his ashes were later interred in Vienna. Selected Sources World War II: Otto SkorzenyJVL: Otto SkorzenyNNDB: Otto Skorzeny

Research and summary art history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research and summary art history - Assignment Example By the 1480s, he was already studying many different fields. When he was working on the preparations for the Sforza monument, he started to study the human body, anatomy and physiology. These studies were often dismissed by his contemporaries as artistically unproductive whims of a mind that is restless. However, they have been acknowledged since the 19th century as forerunners in empirical science, showing accurate observation of natural phenomena. In his studies of the human body and anatomical studies, he was way ahead of his contemporaries. Not long after 1489, he began compiling a systematic record of measurements of several young men. He recorded their measurements from the tips of the toes to the top of their heads in notes and sketches. He was also taking measurements of the horses he owned during the same period as argued by Leonardo et al (45). After months of taking measurements he arrived at a nearly complete overview of human proportions. He then began to look at them while sitting and kneeling. Eventually, he compared the results with the find outs on the Vitruvian man. Leonardo mad several observations on human proportion. He worked with Luca Pacioli, a mathematician to consider the proportional theories of Vitruvius as presented in his treatise De architecture (Leonardo, Richter, and Bell 45). They imposed the principles of geometry on the configuration of the human body to demonstrate that the ideal proportion of the human figure corresponds with the forms of the circle and the square. His illustration demonstrated that when a man places his feet firmly on the ground and stretches his arms out, he can be contained within a square, but when stretched in a spread angle way, he can be inscribed in a circle. The Vitruvian man shows an example of the blend of art and science during the Renaissance and gives an example of his keen interest in proportion

Cross-National Work Experience Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cross-National Work Experience Interview - Essay Example The second part is a reflection of what I learned from the interview. One of the most revealing answers was on how Joseph believes culture affects the way management decisions are made in Kenya and in the U.S. and the specific aspects of culture that he could identify. Joseph noted that the potential to engage in an unethical decision such as seeking ways to avoid tax compliance is more common in his former station in Kenya than in the U.S. According to him, the tendency is almost inexistent in the U.S. The Kenyan system offers lesser supervision to tourism activities, thereby allowing greater room for manipulation of records, including misreporting of income. Employee motivation is another area where the two countries appear to have completely distinct approaches. Tips are a common way of motivating the ‘tour-crew’ after completing assignments. Due to the nature of the industry, individual employees are often assigned to individual tourists for specific assignments such as driving to a destination and mountain climbing. In Kenya, managem ent allows employees to settle ‘tip’ queries with the customers without reporting the same to management. However, tips form a basic part of the remuneration of employees in the American culture. The interviewee further noted that formal communication in the U.S entity he works for is mainly through email for non-urgent issues to promote reference, while phone calls, text messages and direct communication are more prevalent in Kenya. As a result, the U.S. entity has a sizeable collection of emails, offering reference to how strategic decision making is effected, especially during times of crises. By contrast, there were no established guidelines on how to deal with specific types of crises in his former station, which implies that the authority in charge is free to offer a solution as it deems wise. By

Japanese Fishing Industry Essay Example for Free

Japanese Fishing Industry Essay The fishing industry in Japan is considered to be one of the several primary industries along with other sectors such as agriculture and forestry. These sectors employed about one-third of the Japanese population and also provides food for millions of Japanese people. Japan has one of the largest numbers of fishing boats compared to other countries. Many people residing in villages that lie along the Japanese coast have fishing as their main occupation. The Japanese fishermen tend to fish in shallow sea waters. Most of the village fisherman own small boats and function independently. The coastal fishing occupation adopted by traditional Japanese fishermen tends to supply about a quarter of the fish required by the country. Offshore fishing provides more than 50% of the fish and deep-sea fishing provides about 25 to 30% of the fish required by the country. Large Japanese fishing corporations employ thousands of Japanese fishermen, use modern ships, and utilize sophisticated fishing techniques. These ships can hold more than 100 tons of fish, compared to 10 tons carried by local fishermen. Most of the fish caught by the Japanese fishermen and fishing corporations tend to be consumed by the local population. Besides deep sea fishing and costal fishing, the Japanese also harvest fish from fresh water (such as lakes and rivers) and also breed fishes in fish and shrimp farms. Fishing as an occupation was taken up by 1. 5% of the Japanese population. This figure declined to 0. 4% in 2000. Ever since the severe energy crisis in 1973, the deep-sea fishing industry in Japan has seriously suffered. In the 1980’s, the offshore fishing industry experienced a number of up and downs. The Japanese demand for imported fish has increased in recent years (it was 3. 1 million tons in 1999 and rose to over 5 million in 2002). The country is trying to meet a 10 million ton demand annually. 2. Describe the cultural significance of fish to the Japanese society. Fish forms a very important part of the Japanese cuisine. About 70 kgs of fish is being consumed by one Japanese individual in a year. Sushi is a traditional Japanese dish that contains fillings made of seafood. The fish meat may be raw, cooked, marinated or blanched. Vegetables, mushrooms, rice, eggs and even meat form an important part of the dish. Japanese restaurants that dispense Sushi through conveyor belts have become popular. Sushi is placed in a color-coded plate to suggest the rate. Sushi had been originally developed as a process of preserving seafood. There are more than ten to fifteen thousands restaurants in Tokyo that serve Sushi. Usually fresh fish is used to prepare Sushi, as it is consumed raw. The Japanese have also begun to domestic various varieties of fish especially the Koi for ornamental purposes. The tattoos and designs on the Koi fish are considered to be lucky in Japan. Traditional Japanese gardens contain ponds with a number of Koi fish in them. 3. Give statistics of amount of fish consumed, harvested. Over fishing? Fish is considered to be a staple diet of the Japanese, and a source of proteins. Fish has traditionally been a Japanese dish, and the UN-FAO considers that the Japanese consume about 30% of the World’s fish. In fact, the most fish consumed by any country in the world is Japan. The per capita consumption of fish per individual is about 70 kgs. Some of the fish commonly consumed by the Japanese include bright-red sea bream (kinmedai), swordfish, tuna, shark, sardines, mackerels, sperm whale, shell fish, squid, scallops, octopus, puffer fish, shrimp, etc. The Japanese fishing industry collect about 10 million metric tons of fish every year (1992). China catches about 17 million metric tons of fish every year, but that is because it is the most populated country in the World. In 1984, the catch of fish peaked at about 13 million metric tons, but dropped to half that number (6. 4 million metric tons) in 2000. In recent years, fish caught close to the Japanese coasts have been found to be contaminated with toxic substances. Besides, the catch of fish is also decreasing. The Japanese health ministry in fact has warned Japanese pregnant women to reduce consumption of fish. The Japanese feel that commercial whaling should be permitted due to these developments (commercial whaling has been banned since 1986). The demand of fish has decreased in Japan, and the rates have fallen by over 40%, because the people fear consuming fish. The Japanese consider survey demonstrating the quantity of mercury and other poisonous substances present in the fish. 4. Give examples of issue’s Japan has with it neighbors about fishing rights. The Japanese have several issues regarding rishing with their neighbors, such as China, Korea and Russia. The main problem lies in the fact that the Japanese consume about a third of the World’s fish harvested. The demand in the domestic market is so high that it has become a common practice to trespass upon the fishing territories of other countries. The Sea of Japan is considered to be an active fishing zone by Korea and Japan. The UN convention adopted a Sea Law in 1994, which provided an exclusive economic zone of 200-nautical miles to each country, and sovereignty over 12-nautical miles. The imaginary border lines in the sea between both the countries had been ignored, and hence triggered off serious fishing competition in the 1990’s. The natural fishing resources were so extensively exploited such that it could not be restored. The fishing agreement between the Japanese and the Koreans (1965) was being eliminated in 1998, after the UN developed its ‘Laws of the Sea’. International ties were being ruined between both the countries because they had destroyed the natural resources. The issue had to be urgently sorted out before the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Both countries agreed to follow the 135 degrees East longitude as the boundary. They also agreed to reduce the number of ships and the amount of fish caught in their neighbor’s exclusive zone.

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Online Reference Links: Asian Crops in North America Link: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/history/lecture12/r_12-1.html Ginseng and Other Native Roots Link: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/ginsgold.html#ginseng History of Ginseng Link: http://www.oxford.net/~ginseng/history.htm History of Alfalfa in California Link: http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/publications/alfalfaHIST.htm Smooth Bromegrass Link: http://animalrangeextension.montana.edu/Articles/Forage/Species/Grasses/Smoothbromegrass.htm Crested Wheatgrass Link: http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=1551-501X&volume=027&issue=01&page=0013 Native Siberian Crop Species By Francisco Aguilar, Bryan Barnsley, and Lance Nixon When it comes to plants being native to Siberia it would seem that there would be an extremely limited amount due to the harshness of weather, mainly the extreme cold conditions. A few of the main Siberian natives that are grown all over the United States include alfalfa, lettuce, asparagus, smooth bromegrass, and crested wheatgrass. There is no proven record of when alfalfa was first grown but it is known to be originated in central Asia. In 490 B.C., the Persians carried it into Greece with the invasion by Xerxes. After this the Romans who were fighting in Greece took it back to Rome in 146 B.C. The introduction into Spain was around 711 A.D. by the Moors from Northern Africa who were on a conquest in Spain. From Spain it moved into France, Belgium, and England. In 1519 Alfalfa was introduced to Mexico by Cortes, a Spaniard who was on a rampage through Mexico. Somewhere around 18 or 19 years later, Spain rampaged again in Peru and Chili but left alfalfa here also. In that century, it was brought to the Atlantic coast line of the United States but was not used by the Indian inhabitants or by the early European settlers at this time. In about 1853 or 1854 alfalfa was introduced into California and it was believed that it was brought in my Chili. In 1898 a man by the name of N.E. Hansen of South Dakota ma de a journey to Siberia in search of a more cold tolerable variety of alfalfa because he and many other farmers were having trouble growing this crop successfully in the colder conditions of the northern portions of the United States. Alfalfa is now grown all over the United States and in other parts of the world as well.

Critique a Research Study Essay

The nursing research study I chose at the beginning of the semester was Impact of health literacy and patient trust on glycemic control in an urban USA population. The research article begins with a description of Diabetes, its consequences of the disease process, complications, economic cost, and the public health crisis that is foreseen over the next few decades. Research has shown that improvement of glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) in diabetics can have a significant positive impact on this impending critical condition. The second component of the article evaluates the impact health literacy and patient trust has on controlling and maintaining glycemic control in diabetics. The purpose of this article was to research a â€Å"quantitative study conducted to examine health literacy and patient trust as predictors of glycemic control (Mancuso, 2010)†. I believe the credibility of the research article was trustworthy, based on the research topics evaluated that are known in medicine to be accurate and valid. As a nurse, I am well aware of the impact health literacy and patient trust effect disease process and glycemic control. The research sample size evaluated by the article included one hundred and two participants with diabetes selected from two urban primary care clinics in the United States. Although I believe the sample size could’ve been larger, the final conclusions of health literacy and patient trust showed how important those factors are in influencing glycemic control. According to Polit, the presumed cause is the independent variable, and the presumed effect is the dependent or outcome variable (Polit & Beck, 2014, p. 43)†. The Quantitative type of research design used in this study was Non-experimental/Observational study on the effects of health literacy and trust on glycemic control. â€Å"When researchers study the effect of a cause they cannot manipulate, they design correlation studies that examine relationships between variables. Correlation studies can be detected through statistical analysis ((Polit & Beck, 2014, p. 159)†. The independent variables consisted of health literacy, patient trust, knowledge of diabetes, performance of self-care activities, and depression. These variables were measured with testing at the beginning of the study that yielded statistical results used to associate between variables. The dependent variable was the Hemoglobin A1c. Often the dependent variable can have multiple causes, which are examined in the article. The study also considered other related factors such as: demographics, socio-economic status, diabetes knowledge, self-care activities, and depression. I would categorize these variables with health literacy and patient trust as independent variables. The variation of factors can have a significant influence on the final outcome of HbA1c. This is the reason that research is essential for diabetes, to determine the influence these factors have on glycemic control. Evidenced-based interventions and approaches to improving glycemic control in the US population will help improve the current health crisis this country is facing, and will continue to face in the decades to come. â€Å"This was a cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes, utilizing several survey instruments and data sources (Mancuso, 2010)†. These 102 participants with diabetes were chosen from two free primary care clinics in the U. S. that met the criteria for the study. Reading comprehension test, scales, and screening through the use of surveys examined the independent variables. Testing for Hemoglobin A1c, a blood test, was conducted every six months to measure glycemic control for research purposes. I believe the design was appropriate because it was particular on the types of participants used for the study and factors that influenced the outcome according to the research article. Regardless of the level of participants, results of the study based its findings on the needs of the diabetic population. One of the strengths I identified early on in the research article was the research design chosen to evaluate glycemic control. The cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes utilized several survey instruments and data sources. The framework of the study helped to assess and predict the relationships between variables. Second, I felt the methods used to gather data was appropriate and beneficial to the research study. The data received was sufficient enough to research and observe. Finally, another strength I identified in the article was its reliability that correlated to Evidenced-Based data that guides clinical practice in nursing today. The final findings of the article support that the data collected and examined would help patient’s outcomes on increasing their glycemic control. Distinct weakness in the research study I identified first was the size of the sample that was chosen. With only one hundred and two participants from two different clinics, I felt that the sample size could have been more effective with larger numbers studied and in more areas of the country. The study also identified the recruited participants were from an uninsured population and identified the groups to have poor glycemic control. I believe the research study should have had a more diverse population of patients that would demonstrate how the US really is. Finally, the research article was evaluating health literacy; I believe that most patients who are illiterate would have been reluctant to participate in the study for fear of judgment and humiliation, thus not portraying the most accurate recruits. Evidenced-Based research is an essential component for the continual evolution of professional nursing practice. Research provides us with a solid foundation to ensure that nursing practice and interventions are based on scientific principles that have been proven to be effective. As professional nurses, we should strive to achieve the best outcomes for our patients. Through nursing research, we can expand our nursing knowledge and development to deliver healthcare based on guided research decision-making. In studying my research article, I believe that the strengths outweighed the weaknesses because the findings did correlate with Evidence-Based practice already known. After critiquing the research article, I support its findings on health literacy and glycemic control; they definitely contribute to Evidence-Based practice that should be implemented in nursing practice. Diabetes is a major health problem in the United States and also a major risk factor for other types of disease processes related to it. Health literacy, the ability to read, comprehend and comply with medical instructions is directly related to improved glycemic control. The research article I have chosen reflect the effects between health literacy and glycemic control in the United States population. Conclusions from the articles emphasize the need to communicate and educate patients effectively with low health literacy. As an emergency room, healthcare teaching plays an important role when discharging patients home with the correct information and education to manage their symptoms and disease processes. This research article applies to my nursing practice by pointing out the need to assess health literacy in-patient’s sent home or admitted with Diabetes. When we can determine that health literacy impacts glycemic control, we can take measures to help patient’s maintain their diabetes effectively. By understanding the relationship between education and health care outcomes, nursing can make a significant impact through effectively assessing the needs to provide adequate healthcare teaching. References Mancuso, J. (2010). Impact of health literacy and patient trust on glycemic control in an urban USA population. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12(1), 94-104. doi:10. 1111/j. 1442- 2018. 2009. 00506. x Polit, D. F. , & Beck, C. T. (2014). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health /Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

A Doll’s House: Characterization and Symbolism Essay

â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen is a play that incorporates the use of characterization and symbols to capture the audience’s attention to show ordinary life of a middle-class family. Social status is the most important characterization tool in A Doll’s House. Most every character is strictly bound into the roles that are placed on them by society. Nora must be the submissive housewife. Christine only knows how to be happy if she’s fulfilling the same role. She thrives on helping people. Torvald must be the dominant husband. Krogstad struggles against the undesirable perception the community has of him. It is when the characters struggle against these roles that the play’s main conflicts are revealed. As in most drama, the character’s actions also define them. Krogstad spends most of his time threatening and blackmailing, showing us what a foul sort of person he can be. Christine tries her best to help Nora throughout the play, which gives us an idea of her thoughtful nature. Then there’s Torvald. His actions paint him as overbearing and snobbish. He’s the classic egotistical husband. His little concessions to Nora show that he does love her in his way. Finally, we have Nora. Her doomed struggle to keep her secret is the central action that drives the play. Her dishonest methods tell us a lot about who she is as a character. We see what society has forced her to resort to in her desperation to help her husband. When we look for symbols in the play, the Christmas tree, a festive object meant to serve a decorative purpose, symbolizes Nora’s position in her household as a plaything who is pleasing to look at and adds charm to the home. There are several parallels drawn between Nora and the Christmas tree in the play. Just as Nora instructs the maid that the children cannot see the tree until it has been decorated, she tells Torvald that no one can see her in her dress until the evening of the dance. Torvald’s study is another symbol that represents the sanctuary of male dominance and decision-making. Males in the 19th Century dominate not only the home but also the workplace and this is prevalent through the play. With the use of characterization and symbolism, â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen points out the dirty little secrets about the middle-class and brings it to life.